Dogs and cats can be allergic to a spectrum of things, including fleas, something in their environment (atopy) or something in their diet. Thankfully, with the right strategies and veterinary guidance, allergies can be managed for our pets to live happy, healthy lives. Here’s what you should know when it comes to pet allergies.
What are pet allergies?
Allergies are simply an overreaction of your pet’s immune system. For example, if their immune system detects pollen or an ingredient in your pet’s food, those substances get treated like a foreign invader — as if they were a virus or bacteria.
The immune response is to release histamine, which causes inflammation. This response becomes apparent in the upper respiratory system, digestive system or most commonly on your pet’s skin.
What are the symptoms of allergies in pets?
Pets can experience a variety of allergy symptoms. Your pet may display several symptoms, or just one or two. Any of these symptoms, especially if they happen frequently, are enough to consider allergies as a possible cause:
- Red, dry or itchy skin on the paws, belly, limbs, head, face and ears
- Persistent scratching, chewing or licking of an area (also referred to as “hot spots”)
- Hair or fur loss
- Frequent ear scratching or head shaking
- Hives, bumps or rashes
- Red, itchy or watery eyes
- Frequent sneezing, runny nose or coughing
- Digestive upset including vomiting or diarrhea (often related to food allergies).
- Anaphylactic reaction: Most commonly occurs after something like a bee sting, vaccine or new medication. You’ll notice swelling of face, ears, lips, eyelids or ears, sudden vomiting or diarrhea, difficulty breathing and potentially collapse. Fortunately, this is not common — but if you ever notice these symptoms in your pet, bring them to an emergency vet immediately.
Common Pet Allergens
Allergies occur when a pet’s immune system overreacts to a harmless substance. Common allergens for dogs and cats include:
Environmental & Seasonal Allergies
Environmental (atopy) and seasonal allergies are common in cats and dogs, and symptoms occur by inhaling something in their home or outdoors. Allergens vary by region and climate, but most commonly includes pollen, grasses, mold, dust mites and mildew.
According to the 2018 Banfield State of Pet Health Report, environmental allergies increased 30% in dogs and 11% in cats from 2008-2017. Making environmental and seasonal allergies one of the most common allergies found in pets.
Flea Allergies
Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) is the most common skin problem in dogs and a common allergy for cats. With a 12% percent increase in dogs and a 67% percent increase in cats according the to the same 2018 Banfield Report.
More specifically, this is an allergic reaction not to fleas themselves, but the saliva they produce when they bite your pet. Because of this, it’s a different type of itchy irritation for pets. Dogs or cats with flea allergies will compulsively lick and scratch a flea bite, often chewing their skin raw and causing an infection.
This can happen after only 1-2 flea bites, so while you might not physically spy a flea – all pets should be on flea prevention medication year-round to prevent this irritating allergic reaction.
Food Allergies
Just like us, food allergies exist in pets too! However, a food allergy is significantly less common in pets. The most frequent allergies are to grains like wheat and corn or to certain proteins like fish or chicken. If you discover a food allergy, your vet can help you find alternative medications and establish a hypoallergenic diet for your cat or dog.
How are allergies diagnosed?
Allergy symptoms in dogs and cats are one of the most common calls we receive. Finding out what allergens are causing the problem can reduce or eliminate issues but also become a time-consuming and frustrating diagnostic process.
At ReadiVet, we follow detailed diagnostic and treatment plans established by the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA).and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).These guidelines in practice help us provide concrete recommendations and work with you step-by-step to diagnose and prioritize the right treatment. Because at the end of the day – our job is to help your best furiend feel better, and protect their long-term health.
How are allergies treated?
Allergies can cause discomfort and distress to our furry friends, so when ReadiVet gets a call our intention is to always help your pet feel their best. The truth is pet allergies require a spectrum of care. Meaning some allergies are a simple treatment for a seasonal allergy or the occasional flare up, and other cases require lifelong maintenance and treatment. Fortunately, there are more treatments available now more than ever for dogs and cats suffering from an allergy. Common approaches include:
- Allergy medications: Apoquel, Cytopoint, antihistamines, corticosteroids and other medications to help manage symptoms.
- Environmental control: Reducing exposure to allergens through regular cleaning, air purifiers and hypoallergenic bedding.
- Dietary changes: Switching to a hypoallergenic diet or identifying and eliminating any food allergens.
- Flea prevention: Monthly flea prevention medication is essential for preventing flea allergy dermatitis.
- Topical treatments: Medicated shampoos, sprays and creams can help soothe itchy skin.
- Allergy immunotherapy: Gradually exposing your pet to increasing amounts of the allergen to build tolerance (most often used for environmental allergies).
Living with a pet with allergies can be frustrating, but with the right approach and guidance from a trusted veterinarian, it’s possible to manage symptoms effectively. Remember, early intervention and a tailored treatment plan are key to improving your pet’s quality of life when it comes to allergies.
